Citations2026-04-27T15:51:52-07:00

Citing Sonic Concepts in Research

This page provides guidance on how to cite Sonic Concepts products in your publications, along with examples and additional resources to help ensure your work can be accurately interpreted and replicated. Properly citing the tools and technologies used in your work is a critical part of Sonic Concepts commitment to supporting rigorous, transparent and reproducible research with our research tools.


We believe advancing the field requires not only cutting-edge technology, but also a shared commitment to clarity, rigor, and accessible scientific communication.
Accurate citation of research tools:

  • Enhances reproducibility and scientific integrity
  • Enables other researchers to validate and replicate findings
  • Provides appropriate acknowledgment of enabling technologies
  • Supports open science and responsible research practices

Sonic Concepts encourages authors to include product identifiers as well as relevant experimental parameters and system configurations whenever possible.


When referencing Sonic Concepts products, please include:

  • Product name and model
  • Manufacturer (Sonic Concepts, Bothell, WA, USA)
  • Key system components (e.g., transducer, power supply, controller)
  • Relevant operating parameters (e.g., frequency, power, duty cycle)
  • Any custom configurations or modifications

Including this information helps ensure clarity, reproducibility, and accurate interpretation of your work. Sonic Concepts recommends providing as much experimental detail as is feasible within publication constraints.

Real-World Citation Examples

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Image-Guided Array System

Three-dimensional (3D) focused ultrasound (FUS) therapy was implemented using a programmable ultrasound scanner (Vantage 256, Verasonics Inc.) for image guidance, paired with a 128-element therapy transducer (HIFUPlex-06, Sonic Concepts, Bothell, WA, USA).

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Single-Element Pulsed Exposure

Lesions were generated using 50 pulses at a 1 Hz pulse repetition frequency and 1% duty cycle, delivered by a single-element 2 MHz bowl-shaped transducer (H-148, Sonic Concepts, Bothell, WA, USA).



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Multi-Element NeuroFUS System

A CTX-500 NeuroFUS TPO system (Brainbox Ltd., Cardiff, UK) was used with a four-element annular transducer (64 mm diameter, 500 kHz center frequency) to deliver repetitive transcranial ultrasound stimulation at 5 Hz, with defined pulse duration, interval, and total exposure parameters.

Reporting Experimental Parameters

To support reproducibility and transparency, we recommend reporting the following parameters in your publications:

  • Acoustic frequency and pressure
  • Pulse structure (continuous or pulsed, duty cycle)
  • Exposure duration and repetition
  • Targeting and positioning methods
  • Calibration procedures
  • Coupling medium and environmental conditions

Logo for Focused Ultrasound Foundation

For comprehensive guidance on reporting focused ultrasound experiments, please refer to the FUS Foundation for access to the reporting guidelines.
These guidelines provide detailed recommendations to help ensure your work is clearly documented, reproducible, and interpretable across the research community.

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